What does Dr. Bland refer to as the "thrifty" gene in relation to the Pima Indians?

The concept of the "thrifty" gene, as described by Dr. Bland in relation to the Pima Indians, refers to a gene that has evolved to help individuals survive in environments where food availability may be unpredictable. This gene allows for efficient calorie retention, enabling the body to store fat during times of plenty, which can then be utilized during periods of scarcity.

For populations like the Pima Indians, who historically faced periods of food abundance followed by scarcity, this genetic adaptation would have provided a significant survival advantage. In modern times, however, with constant access to high-calorie foods, the thrifty gene can contribute to a higher likelihood of obesity, as the metabolism may be inclined to store excess calories rather than expending them efficiently. This highlights how evolutionary traits can impact health outcomes in contemporary settings, especially in cultures with drastically altered diets and lifestyles compared to those of their ancestors.

Understanding this gene's role in calorie retention is crucial when discussing nutritional practices and health strategies for populations that exhibit a high prevalence of obesity and related health issues today.